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21/02/2020 12:24:45 PM
EFFECTS OF SILYMARIN AND VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE HEPATIC ABNORMALITIES OF ALBINO RATS (Rattus norvegicus)
Gladys Guirre and Cristina Salibay
College of Science and Computer Studies- Graduate School
De La Salle University-Dasmariñas, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite, Philippines
ABSTRACT
This study focused on the effects of silymarin and vitamin supplementation on the hepatic abnormalities of albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). A complete randomized design was employed with five treatment groups namely the control, silymarin, silymarin with Vitamin C, silymarin with Vitamin E and silymarin with Vitamin C and E. Blood was collected from different experimental groups of rats for the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin count pre-induction, post- induction, one week and two weeks post-treatment. The increase in AST and ALT levels in the blood of the acetaminophen-induced rats were reduced by Silymarin supplemented with vitamins C or E, or combination thereof. Among the treatments, Silymarin supplemented with Vitamin E consistently decreased liver enzymes compared to silymarin alone or silymarin supplemented with Vit. C. Combination of Vit. C and Vit. E did not show any synergistic effect on reducing ALT and AST levels. Likewise, supplementation of any vitamin, singly or combined did not show any effect in total bilirubin count. In conclusion, silymarin, when used with antioxidants such as Vitamin C and E at varying degrees, is useful in reversing liver abnormalities. However, no synergistic effect was observed between the two vitamins. The use of other antioxidants to supplement silymarin in reversing hepatic abnormalities must be explored.
Key words: silymarin, vitamin supplementation, hepatic abnormalities, synergistic effect, hepatoprotective agent
OCCURRENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITES IN HOGS AT SELECTED BACKYARD PIGGERY FARMS IN DASMARIÑAS, CAVITE
Cristina Salibay and Jonnacar San Sebastian
College of Science and Computer Studies- Graduate School
De La Salle University-Dasmariñas, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite, Philippines
ABSTRACT
This study examines 56 hogs for adult intestinal parasites. The hogs were randomly selected from five piggery farms (Labeled A-E) which are sources of pork in the market of Dasmariñas, Cavite. About 77.78% and 87.5% of hogs from farms A and B, respectively, are infected with the nematode, Ascaris suum. Thirty percent of the hogs from farm E are infected with Macracanthoryncus sp. (20%) and an undetermined tapeworm (10%). Severity of parasitic infection in farm A is from light to heavy. Farm B ranges from light to moderate, and very light in farm E. The sex of hogs does not affect the occurrence of infection. Dirty surroundings and contaminated food and water sources are potential risk factors on the transmission of parasites to hogs. Farms A, B and E should not be able to operate due to inadequate facilities and operational procedures for meat processing. Farms C and D at least meet the minimum requirements on facilities, but just like other piggery farms, they are not accredited for sanitation levels of abattoirs.
Key words: backyard piggery farms, contamination, hogs, intestinal parasites
THE LOWLAND EVERGREEN DIPTEROCARP VEGETATION OF MTS. PALAYPALAY-MATAAS NA GULOD NATIONAL PARK, LUZON ISLAND, PHILIPPINES
Hazel Anne Tabo and Melanie Medecilo
College of Science and Computer Studies- Graduate School
De La Salle University-Dasmariñas, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite, Philippines
ABSTRACT
A floristic survey was conducted in Mts. Palaypalay – Mataas na Gulod National Park. The field method employed was Point-Center Quarter Method (PCQM). Data were computed using the standard formula. There were 541 tree individuals encountered in 14 transects belonging to 34 families, 55 genera, and 96 species. The forest is classified as lowland evergreen rainforest (dipterocarp sub-type) since it is dominated by Shorea guiso. The most represented family was Myrtaceae and Moraceae with 8 species, Sterculiaceae with 6 species, Lauraceae and Meliaceae with 5 species. Fifteen families were represented with one species only. The park also exhibits high endemism which is 35%. Endemic species include Strongylodon macrobotrys, Dillenia philippinensis and Cinnamomum mercadoi. Transect 11 reflected the plot with most number of species (24 species). The most widespread species was S. guiso which was found in 13 transects, while D. pilosanthera and C. asperum occurred in 11 transects. The conservation of the existing flora of the park would provide protection to forest ecosystem and sanctuary for wildlife. The various plant species and communities still present in the park are in imminent danger and destruction as can be gleaned from the threats observed.
Key words: Dipterocarp, vegetation, Mts. Palay-palay, floristic survey
IDENTIFICATION AND MORPHOMETRICS OF Fasciola spp. (TREMATODA:FASCIOLIDAE) IN CATTLE (Bos taurus L.) COLLECTED FROM SLAUGHTERHOUSES OF CAVITE, PHILIPPINES
Vic Villador1 and Cristina Cabanacan-Salibay2
1Master of Science in Biology program, College of Science and Computer Studies GraduateSchool, De La Salle University-Dasmarinas, Dasmarinas City, Cavite
2Professor, College of Science and Computer Studies Graduate School, De La Salle University-Dasmarinas, Dasmarinas City, Cavite
ABSTRACT
This study is focused on the identification of Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus and F. gigantica Cobbold through morphometric analysis. A one-week time observation was done in a slaughterhouse in Tagaytay City, Cavite to identify cattle with infected liver, and out of 95 cattle examined, two were positive with Fasciola spp. The livers of these cattle were paler, and yellowish secretions in the hepatic ducts were observed. Two types of Fasciola spp., F. hepatica and F. gigantica were identified using morphometric analysis. Measurements of F. hepatica showed 19.23 mm in body length (BL), 15.89 mm distance between the distal end of ventral sucker and posterior end of the fluke’s body (VS-P) and 9.42 mm body width (BW) values, suggesting that local F. hepatica resembles the established morphometrics, with the exception of its narrower 5.97 mm body width at the ovary level (BWOv). However, in F. gigantica, only its BWOv with 4.90 mm was in conformity with the established morphometric. Other measurements such as 23.02 mm in body length (BL), 19.27 mm distance between the distal end of ventral sucker and posterior end of the fluke’s body (VS-P) and 8.92 mm body width (BW) showed shorter measurements. Hence, local F. gigantica is considerably shorter. In addition, the results were suggestive of intermediate forms of Fasciola spp. due to an overlap in their morphometric values specifically in the BW which was statistically similar in both flukes. Moreover, F. gigantica has a short body length compared to established morphometrics. A co-occurrence of both flukes is evident, with F. hepatica having a higher parasitic load than F. gigantica.
Key words: Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica, intermediate forms, Morphometrics